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The prevention and treatment of ectopic ossification after bone plate fixation require a combination of multiple measures such as physical intervention, drug prevention, rehabilitation training and lifestyle adjustment. The following are the specific prevention and treatment methods:
Physical therapy
Limiting joint movement: Abnormal movement is restricted through physical therapy measures such as joint fixation and joint protection training to reduce soft tissue damage and thereby prevent ectopic ossification. For example, elastic bandages or functional splints can be used to limit abnormal activities and reduce the burden on the joints.
Promoting blood circulation: By using low-intensity electrical stimulation, cold therapy or warm compresses, muscle tension and pain can be effectively relieved, while promoting blood circulation, thereby preventing the occurrence of ectopic ossification.
Drug treatment
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins, alleviate inflammatory responses, and have a certain effect on controlling mild to moderate pain and fever, which helps to reduce the risk of ectopic ossification. Take drugs such as ibuprofen sustained-release capsules and celecoxib capsules as prescribed by the doctor, and pay attention to observing gastrointestinal side effects.
Glucocorticoids: Glucocorticoids can rapidly alleviate local immune responses and edema states, and have a good therapeutic effect on ectopic ossification in the acute stage. However, long-term use requires vigilance against side effects. It is usually performed by a doctor and precisely injected into the affected area under image guidance, once every 3 to 6 months.
Other drugs: Currently, drugs with inhibitory effects on ectopic ossification also include pyrophosphate, indomethacin, etc.
Rehabilitation training
Joint range of motion training: Under the guidance of professionals, regular passive and active joint movement exercises can enhance joint flexibility and stability, reduce the risk of abnormal healing, and further prevent the formation of ectopic ossification.
Joint protection training: It aims to enhance the strength and flexibility of the muscle groups around the joints, promote blood circulation, and prevent the occurrence of stiffness and contracture. Personalized plans should be formulated under the guidance of professionals, and the difficulty and frequency should be gradually increased.
Muscle strengthening exercises: Such as progressive muscle strengthening exercises, are helpful for maintaining joint stability.
Orthotic brace for use
Orthotic braces help provide external support and stability, reduce the risk of secondary injury caused by joint instability, and thereby lower the probability of ectopic ossification. Select the appropriate orthopedic brace based on the specific condition of the patient and wear it regularly under the supervision of a physician or physical therapist.
Lifestyle adjustment
Nutritional intake: Ensuring adequate and balanced nutrition, especially calcium intake, helps prevent the degeneration of bone tissue or surrounding tissue structures, thereby avoiding the occurrence of ectopic ossification. At the same time, avoid excessive intake of caffeine and alcohol, as these substances may affect the normal metabolism of bones.
Control weight: Both being overweight and underweight can have adverse effects on bone health. Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce the pressure on joints and lower the risk of ectopic ossification.
Lifestyle: Reducing smoking and drinking can help lower the risk of ectopic ossification, as nicotine and alcohol in tobacco may interfere with the normal tissue repair process.
Preventing falls: Take preventive measures in daily life, such as using handrails, keeping the ground dry, and wearing appropriate shoes, to reduce the possibility of falls and fractures.
Surgical treatment
If ectopic ossification is significant and occurs around the joint, seriously affecting the joint’s movement and function, and conservative treatment is ineffective, then surgery may become a necessary option. The purpose of the surgery is to remove the abnormally growing bone tissue and restore normal joint function. However, surgery may also further aggravate ossification or cause recurrence. It should be used with caution under the advice of a doctor.