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Medical bone plates play a vital role in orthopedic surgery and are classified in various ways. The following is a detailed introduction to the common classification of medical bone plates:
First, classification by function
Pressure plate:
Uses: Mainly used for the fixation of fractures, through the compression of screws, so that the fracture end close contact, promote fracture healing.
Features: Usually designed with a special screw hole or pressure mechanism, allowing the screw to produce longitudinal pressure when screwed in.
Joint fixation plate:
Purpose: To stabilize or fix damaged joints and prevent joint dislocation or instability.
Features: Design according to the shape and size of the joint to ensure a good fit with the joint surface.
Osteotomy fixation plate (orthopaedic plate) :
Uses: Used for lengthening bones and correcting certain deformities, such as unequal length of limbs and joint deformities.
Features: Special fixation and adjustment mechanisms are designed to allow gradual adjustment after surgery.
Second, by material classification
Metal bone plate:
Common materials: stainless steel, titanium alloy, etc.
Features: It has high anti-torsion and anti-compression mechanical properties, and is widely used. Stainless steel bone plates have good corrosion resistance, but may be relatively heavy; Titanium alloy bone plates are lighter and more biocompatible.
Bioabsorbable bone plates:
Common materials: polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), etc.
Features: It can be gradually degraded and absorbed in the body, avoiding the need for a second operation to remove the bone plate. However, its mechanical properties may not be as strong as metallic materials and are suitable for certain fracture types.
Third, classification according to structural characteristics
Locking plate and non-locking plate:
Locking plate: The screw and the bone plate are fixed by locking mechanism to form a stable internal fixation structure. Suitable for osteoporosis, comminuted fracture and other conditions.
Non-locking plate: The friction between the screw and the bone plate is fixed, suitable for general fracture fixation.
Ordinary bone plates and pressure plates:
Common bone plate: simple design, mainly used for the initial fixation of fractures.
Compression plates: Designed with a special compression mechanism to promote close contact and healing at the fracture end.
Anatomical bone plates:
Features: Designed according to the natural shape of human bones, the fit is higher, which can reduce the shaping operation in surgery.
Reconstruction plate:
Features: Designed with a special groove or bend structure, allowing accurate shape change or bend in the plane, suitable for complex fracture fixation.
Fourth, classification by shape
Medical bone plates can also be classified according to their shape, such as straight bone plates, S-type bone plates, C-type bone plates, etc. Different types of plates are suitable for different fracture sites and surgical needs.
Fifth, classification by use
In addition to the above classification methods, medical bone plates can also be classified according to the purpose, such as limiting pressure plate, locking plate, anatomical plate, reconstruction plate, 1/3 round plate, shaped plate (such as calcaneal Y shape, frontal shape, etc.).